Synthesizing vdW layered materials and their heterostructures by CVD/CVT/flux methods to explore uniquely defined physics phenomena, for example, tunable Weyl metals, topological insulators, unconventional superconductivity, excitonic insulators, and topological flat-band phenomena. The integration of 2D materials with photonic, plasmonic, excitonic and polaritonic platforms may lead to strongly coupled hybrid quantum systems with enhanced light–matter and electron–phonon interactions. The study of nonequilibrium dynamics—such as ultrafast carrier relaxation, exciton transport, and hot-phonon bottlenecks—will shed light on many-body physics under extreme conditions. At the same time, the emergence of quantum ferroelectrics, multiferroics, and magnetoelectric heterostructures in the 2D limit may open new routes for reconfigurable, nonvolatile, and energy-efficient device concepts.